This analysis focuses on the essential components of flight plans when operating at low altitudes. The study explores the critical elements that pilots and flight operators must consider to guarantee the safety of passengers, crew, and aircraft while flying at low altitudes. By examining factors such as weather conditions, airspace restrictions, terrain considerations, and emergency procedures, this analysis aims to provide valuable insights into optimizing flight planning processes for low-altitude operations
แผนการบินเป็นเอกสารสิ่งพิมพ์ตามมาตรฐาน ICAO เพื่อให้นักบินหรือตัวแทนบันทึกรายละเอียดการบินตามรายการพิมพ์และรายละเอียดของแผนการบิน เป็นข้อมูลที่นักบินใช้ตลอดการบินตั้งแต่สนามบินต้นทางถึงสนามบินปลายทาง ผ่านสนามบิน และสนามบินรอง นอกจากนี้ รายละเอียดในแผนการบินยังมีประโยชน์ในการควบคุมการจราจรทางอากาศและปฏิบัติการค้นหาและช่วยเหลือเมื่ออากาศยานมีปัญหา ทีมค้นหาและกู้ภัยจะใช้รายละเอียดในแผนการบินเป็นข้อมูลในการค้นหา
คณะอุตสาหกรรมอาหาร
Bio-calcium powders were extracted from Asian sea bass bone by heat-treated alkaline with fat removal and bleaching supplementary method. Cereal bars (CBs) were fortified with produced bio-calcium at 3 levels: (1) increased calcium (IS-Ca; calcium ≥10% Thai RDI), (2) good source of calcium (GS-Ca; calcium ≥15% Thai RDI), and (3) high calcium (H-Ca; calcium ≥30% Thai RDI) which were consistent with the notification of the Ministry of Public Health, Thailand: No. 445; Nutrition claim issued in B.E. 2023. Moisture content, water activity, color, calcium content and FTIR analysis of bio-calcium powders were measured. Dimension, color, water activity, pH and texture of fortified CBs were determined. Produced bio-calcium could be classified as a dried food with light yellow-white color. Calcium contents in bio-calcium powder was 23.4% (w/w). Dimension, weight and color except b* and ΔE* values of fortified CBs were not different (P > 0.05) from those of the control. Fortifying of bio-calcium resulted in harder texture CBs. An increase of fortified bio-calcium amounts decreased carbohydrate and fat but increased of protein, ash and calcium in the fortified CBs. Shelf life of CBs was to be shorten by fortification of bio-calcium powder because of the increment of moisture, water activity and pH. Yield of bio-calcium production was 40.30%. Production cost of bio-calcium was approximately 7,416 Bth/kg while cost of fortified CBs increased almost 2-3 times compared to the control. Calcium contents in IS-Ca (921.12 mg/100g), GS-Ca (1,287.10 mg/100g) and H-Ca (2,639.70 mg/100g) cereal bars could be claimed as increased calcium, good source of calcium and high calcium, respectively. In conclusion, production of cereal bar fortified with Asian sea bass bone bio-calcium powder as a fortified food was possible. However, checking the remained hazardous reagents in bio-calcium powder must be carried out before using in food products and analysis of calcium bioavailability, sensory acceptance and shelf life of the developed products should be determined in further studies.
คณะสถาปัตยกรรม ศิลปะและการออกแบบ
This conceptual model, inspired by the Rose Window in Gothic architecture, embodies intricate geometric patterns that reflect divine harmony and balance. Its symmetrical structure and the interplay of light passing through stained glass create a sense of movement, enhancing the sacred and mystical atmosphere. The composition evokes a celestial presence, like a window to heaven.
คณะเทคโนโลยีสารสนเทศ
Facial Expression Recognition (FER) has attracted considerable attention in fields such as healthcare, customer service, and behavior analysis. However, challenges remain in developing a robust system capable of adapting to various environments and dynamic situations. In this study, the researchers introduced an Ensemble Learning approach to merge outputs from multiple models trained in specific conditions, allowing the system to retain old information while efficiently learning new data. This technique is advantageous in terms of training time and resource usage, as it reduces the need to retrain a new model entirely when faced with new conditions. Instead, new specialized models can be added to the Ensemble system with minimal resource requirements. The study explores two main approaches to Ensemble Learning: averaging outputs from dedicated models trained under specific scenarios and using Mixture of Experts (MoE), a technique that combines multiple models each specialized in different situations. Experimental results showed that Mixture of Experts (MoE) performs more effectively than the Averaging Ensemble method for emotion classification in all scenarios. The MoE system achieved an average accuracy of 84.41% on the CK+ dataset, 54.20% on Oulu-CASIA, and 61.66% on RAVDESS, surpassing the 71.64%, 44.99%, and 57.60% achieved by Averaging Ensemble in these datasets, respectively. These results demonstrate MoE’s ability to accurately select the model specialized for each specific scenario, enhancing the system’s capacity to handle more complex environments.