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Before the COVID-19 outbreak, the airline industry in January 2020 grew slowly by 2.4% year-on-year of revenue passenger kilometers (RPK) compared to 4.6% in December 2019. It was the slowest growth rate since April 2010 due to the restrictions of the airspace in Europe because of volcanic ash clouds (IATA, 2020). The massive volcanic ash dispersed rapidly in the continent. Iceland declared a state of emergency and European airspace was closed. The shutdown left millions of passengers stranded not just in Europe but around the world. With most of Europe's airspace closed to air traffic, many other countries were affected as flights arrival and departure across Europe were canceled (Finlay, 2021).
Since the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a change in passenger behavior. Many passenger flights were suspended due to the city and country lockdown, which has caused a significant decline in aircraft utilization (OECD, 2020). According to IATA (2020), the revenue passenger kilometers (RPK) dropped by more than 94% year-on-year in April of 2020 and further decreased to 75% in August 2020. In addition, economic downturn and trade activities affect the air cargo transportation with a decrease of nearly 30% year-on-year in April 2020, and further decline by 12% in August 2020.

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RATTANA SIRIPUTTAVANIT

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Waralee Rattanakijsuntorn

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